Fluency In English

Fluency in English

Use Shadowing to Improve your English Fluency

Jane Birkenhead, February 17 2026

Shadowing is an excellent way to improve your fluency in English. Shadowing (or Delivery Shadowing or English Shadowing) is when you listen to a fluent English speaker and copy what you hear. That's it! You don’t worry about grammar structures or vocabulary as you’re speaking. You just concentrate on how the language sounds and imitate

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Fluency in English

Why /ed/ Endings are Difficult to Pronounce

Jane Birkenhead, February 6 2026

A lot of my Workplace and Business Communication clients have difficulty with the pronunciation of /ed/ verb endings in English. It’s a problem that isn't limited to any particular language group and for many of my clients, the error is fossilized. I’m going to explore this pronunciation feature here but rather than merely repeating the rules, I...

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Fluency in English

Automaticity in Speaking

Jane Birkenhead, May 22 2025

If the ONLY time you speak out loud in English is when you practise TOEFL or IELTS speaking questions, then you need to rethink your practice strategy. Both the TOEFL and IELTS speaking tests require exam candidates to demonstrate automaticity in speaking. Automaticity, in this case, means that you can quickly find the words that you want to use...

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Fluency in English

Use Connecting Phrases in Speaking

Jane Birkenhead, August 19 2024

In the TOEFL exam, for candidates to achieve an advanced speaking score (25+ out of 30), their responses have to demonstrate, “generally well-controlled organization and cohesion”. This means that responses have to show a logical progression, and flow smoothly from one part to the next. In other words, the response has to make sense so that the...

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Fluency in English

Flashcard Tips for Pronunciation Practice

Jane Birkenhead, March 16 2022

You probably already use flashcards for TOEFL or IELTS studying. Perhaps you use them for noting pronunciation or grammar errors. Or maybe you use them for writing down new vocabulary. I encourage all my students to make flashcards in their lessons, and to review them frequently. Flashcards are a great way to record all sorts of things you need...

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